I did most of the solutions provided here.
I know about
- enabling IntelliSense
- clearing the cache
- connecting to a server >= SQL Server 2008
- using the latest SQL Server Service Pack
and it works locally with the SQL Server 2012 engine.
But it still does not work when connecting to a SQL Server 2008 SP1 engine from my SSMS 2012. If I do
SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion')
I get 10.0.2573.0
as result. So the server is 2008 SP1.
Edit
After a few days it started working. I don't know why.