the linkSIM_FAMILY looks like strange. A SIM can be a father of a family if he is male or a mohter of a family if she is a female. This is the fam_dad_id and the fam_mom_id of the family table. (almost) every sim is child of exactly one family. if it is a son or a daughter is decided by the sex of the sim and not by a role that mut be defined for the child. so the sim table must contain a family_id. the linkSIM_FAMILY can be removed.

1. the linkSIM_FAMILY looks like strange. A SIM can be a father of a family if he is male or a mohter of a family if she is a female. This is the fam_dad_id and the fam_mom_id of the family table. (almost) every sim is child of exactly one family. if it is a son or a daughter is decided by the sex of the sim and not by a role that mut be defined for the child. so the sim table must contain a family_id. the linkSIM_FAMILY can be removed.
2. in your description a tribe has a founder a clan does not. in your table definitions this is vice versa

What is the question? How to model SIM and FAMILY? What is a Sim? I suppose this is a person like Caleb or Calliope. Is this true?

the linkSIM_FAMILY looks like strange. A SIM can be a father of a family if he is male or a mohter of a family if she is a female. This is the fam_dad_id and the fam_mom_id of the family table. (almost) every sim is child of exactly one family. if it is a son or a daughter is decided by the sex of the sim and not by a role that mut be defined for the child. so the sim table must contain a family_id. the linkSIM_FAMILY can be removed.