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Also, please consider avoiding BETWEEN: http://sqlblog.com/blogs/aaron_bertrand/archive/2011/10/19/what-do-between-and-the-devil-have-in-common.aspx

Also, please consider avoiding BETWEEN:

• https://sqlblog.org/2011/10/19/what-do-between-and-the-devil-have-in-common

This part:

SELECT LogData.*
FROM LogData
INNER JOIN Ranges ON LogData.Dt >= Ranges.DtStart
AND LogData.Dt < Ranges.DtEnd
INNER JOIN RangeGroups
ON RangeGroups.RangeId = Ranges.Id
INNER JOIN Groups
ON Groups.Id = RangeGroups.GroupId
AND Groups.Name = @GroupName

Means that each log item will be joined to the ranges it fits in (by date), each range will join to the groups they are in, but only that group selected will be used.

From: http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/425db/1

CREATE TABLE LogData (
  Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL
  ,Dt DATETIME NOT NULL
  ,Data VARCHAR(max) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Ranges (
  Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL
  ,Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
  ,DtStart DATETIME NOT NULL
  ,DtEnd DATETIME NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Groups (
  Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL
  ,Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE RangeGroups (
  RangeId INT NOT NULL
  ,GroupId INT NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO LogData (Dt, Data)
VALUES ('2011-11-23 11:00', 'before thanksgiving day')
       ,('2011-11-24 11:00', 'on thanksgiving day')
       ,('2011-12-24 11:00', 'on christmas eve')
       ,('2011-12-25 11:00', 'on christmas day')
       ,('2012-11-21 11:00', 'before thanksgiving day')
       ,('2012-11-22 11:00', 'on thanksgiving day')
       ,('2012-12-24 11:00', 'on christmas eve')
       ,('2012-12-25 11:00', 'on christmas day');

INSERT INTO Ranges (Name, DtStart, DtEnd)
VALUES ('THANKSGIVING2011', '2011-11-24', '2011-11-25')
       ,('CHRISTMASEVE2011', '2011-12-24', '2011-12-25')
       ,('CHRISTMASDAY2011', '2011-12-25', '2011-12-26')
       ,('BOXINGDAY2011', '2011-12-26', '2011-12-27')
       ,('NEWYEARSEVE2011', '2011-12-31', '2012-01-01')
       ,('NEWYEARSDAY2012', '2012-01-01', '2012-01-02')
       ,('THANKSGIVING2012', '2012-11-22', '2012-11-23')
       ,('CHRISTMASEVE2012', '2012-12-24', '2012-12-25')
       ,('CHRISTMASDAY2012', '2012-12-25', '2012-12-26')
       ,('BOXINGDAY2012', '2012-12-26', '2012-12-27')
       ,('NEWYEARSEVE2012', '2012-12-31', '2013-01-01')
       ,('NEWYEARSDAY2013', '2013-01-01', '2013-01-02');

INSERT INTO Groups (Name)
VALUES ('HOLIDAYS2011')
       ,('HOLIDAYS2012')
       ,('ANYCHRISTMAS');

INSERT INTO RangeGroups (RangeId, GroupId)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Groups WHERE Name = 'HOLIDAYS2011')
FROM Ranges WHERE Name LIKE '%2011';

INSERT INTO RangeGroups (RangeId, GroupId)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Groups WHERE Name = 'HOLIDAYS2012')
FROM Ranges WHERE Name LIKE '%2012';

INSERT INTO RangeGroups (RangeId, GroupId)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Groups WHERE Name = 'ANYCHRISTMAS')
FROM Ranges WHERE Name LIKE 'CHRISTMAS%';
 
SELECT *
FROM LogData
INNER JOIN Ranges ON LogData.Dt >= Ranges.DtStart
AND LogData.Dt < Ranges.DtEnd
INNER JOIN RangeGroups
ON RangeGroups.RangeId = Ranges.Id
INNER JOIN Groups
ON Groups.Id = RangeGroups.GroupId
AND Groups.Name = 'HOLIDAYS2011';
    
    
SELECT *
FROM LogData
INNER JOIN Ranges ON LogData.Dt >= Ranges.DtStart
AND LogData.Dt < Ranges.DtEnd
INNER JOIN RangeGroups
ON RangeGroups.RangeId = Ranges.Id
INNER JOIN Groups
ON Groups.Id = RangeGroups.GroupId
AND Groups.Name = 'HOLIDAYS2012';

SELECT *
FROM LogData
INNER JOIN Ranges ON LogData.Dt >= Ranges.DtStart
AND LogData.Dt < Ranges.DtEnd
INNER JOIN RangeGroups
ON RangeGroups.RangeId = Ranges.Id
INNER JOIN Groups
ON Groups.Id = RangeGroups.GroupId
AND Groups.Name = 'ANYCHRISTMAS';

From: http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/a628a/1

CREATE TABLE LogData (
  Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL
  ,Dt DATETIME NOT NULL
  ,Data VARCHAR(max) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Ranges (
  Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL
  ,Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
  ,DtStart DATETIME NOT NULL
  ,DtEnd DATETIME NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE Groups (
  Id INT IDENTITY NOT NULL
  ,Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE RangeGroups (
  RangeId INT NOT NULL
  ,GroupId INT NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO LogData (Dt, Data)
VALUES ('2011-11-23 11:00', 'before thanksgiving day')
       ,('2011-11-24 11:00', 'on thanksgiving day')
       ,('2011-12-24 11:00', 'on christmas eve')
       ,('2011-12-25 11:00', 'on christmas day')
       ,('2012-11-21 11:00', 'before thanksgiving day')
       ,('2012-11-22 11:00', 'on thanksgiving day')
       ,('2012-12-24 11:00', 'on christmas eve')
       ,('2012-12-25 11:00', 'on christmas day');

INSERT INTO Ranges (Name, DtStart, DtEnd)
VALUES ('THANKSGIVING2011', '2011-11-24', '2011-11-25')
       ,('CHRISTMASEVE2011', '2011-12-24', '2011-12-25')
       ,('CHRISTMASDAY2011', '2011-12-25', '2011-12-26')
       ,('BOXINGDAY2011', '2011-12-26', '2011-12-27')
       ,('NEWYEARSEVE2011', '2011-12-31', '2012-01-01')
       ,('NEWYEARSDAY2012', '2012-01-01', '2012-01-02')
       ,('THANKSGIVING2012', '2012-11-22', '2012-11-23')
       ,('CHRISTMASEVE2012', '2012-12-24', '2012-12-25')
       ,('CHRISTMASDAY2012', '2012-12-25', '2012-12-26')
       ,('BOXINGDAY2012', '2012-12-26', '2012-12-27')
       ,('NEWYEARSEVE2012', '2012-12-31', '2013-01-01')
       ,('NEWYEARSDAY2013', '2013-01-01', '2013-01-02');

INSERT INTO Groups (Name)
VALUES ('HOLIDAYS2011')
       ,('HOLIDAYS2012')
       ,('ANYCHRISTMAS');

INSERT INTO RangeGroups (RangeId, GroupId)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Groups WHERE Name = 'HOLIDAYS2011')
FROM Ranges WHERE Name LIKE '%2011';

INSERT INTO RangeGroups (RangeId, GroupId)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Groups WHERE Name = 'HOLIDAYS2012')
FROM Ranges WHERE Name LIKE '%2012';

INSERT INTO RangeGroups (RangeId, GroupId)
SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Groups WHERE Name = 'ANYCHRISTMAS')
FROM Ranges WHERE Name LIKE 'CHRISTMAS%';


CREATE FUNCTION dbo.JustDoIt(@GroupName VARCHAR(50))
RETURNS TABLE
RETURN (
SELECT LogData.*
FROM LogData
INNER JOIN Ranges ON LogData.Dt >= Ranges.DtStart
AND LogData.Dt < Ranges.DtEnd
INNER JOIN RangeGroups
ON RangeGroups.RangeId = Ranges.Id
INNER JOIN Groups
ON Groups.Id = RangeGroups.GroupId
AND Groups.Name = @GroupName
);

SELECT *
FROM dbo.JustDoIt('HOLIDAYS2011');
    
SELECT *
FROM dbo.JustDoIt('HOLIDAYS2012');

SELECT *
FROM dbo.JustDoIt('ANYCHRISTMAS');