Rolling sum / count / average over date interval

Question

In a database of transactions spanning 1,000s of entities over 18 months, I would like to run a query to group every possible 30-day period by entity_id with a SUM of their transaction amounts and COUNT of their transactions in that 30-day period, and return the data in a way that I can then query against. After a lot of testing, this code accomplishes much of what I want:

SELECT id, trans_ref_no, amount, trans_date, entity_id,
    SUM(amount) OVER(PARTITION BY entity_id, date_trunc('month',trans_date) ORDER BY entity_id, trans_date ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS trans_total,
    COUNT(id)   OVER(PARTITION BY entity_id, date_trunc('month',trans_date) ORDER BY entity_id, trans_date ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS trans_count
  FROM transactiondb;

And I will use in a larger query structured something like:

SELECT * FROM (
  SELECT id, trans_ref_no, amount, trans_date, entity_id,
      SUM(amount) OVER(PARTITION BY entity_id, date_trunc('month',trans_date) ORDER BY entity_id, trans_date ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS trans_total,
      COUNT(id)   OVER(PARTITION BY entity_id, date_trunc('month',trans_date) ORDER BY entity_id, trans_date ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS trans_count
    FROM transactiondb ) q
WHERE trans_count >= 4
AND trans_total >= 50000;

The case that this query doesn't cover is when the transaction counts would span multiple months, but still be within 30 days of each other. Is this type of query possible with Postgres? If so, I welcome any input. Many of the other topics discuss "running" aggregates, not rolling.

Update

The CREATE TABLE script:

CREATE TABLE transactiondb (
    id integer NOT NULL,
    trans_ref_no character varying(255),
    amount numeric(18,2),
    trans_date date,
    entity_id integer
);

Sample data can be found here. I'm running PostgreSQL 9.1.16.

Ideal output would include SUM(amount) and COUNT() of all transactions over a rolling 30-day period. See this image, for example:

The green date highlighting indicates what's being included by my query. The yellow row highlighting indicates records what I would like to become part of the set.

Previous reading:

• Postgresql Window Function Partition by Comparison
• Group by Data Intervals
• Best way to count records by arbitary time intervals...
• Moving Average in Postgresql

Answer 1

Postgres 11 or newer

Postgres 11 adds essential functionality. The release notes:

Add all window function framing options specified by SQL:2011 (Oliver Ford, Tom Lane)

Specifically, allow RANGE mode to use PRECEDING and FOLLOWING to select rows having grouping values within plus or minus the specified offset. Add GROUPS mode to include plus or minus the number of peer groups. Frame exclusion syntax was also added.

The query is now possible with plain window functions:

For one given entity:

SELECT id, amount, trans_date, entity_id
     , sum(amount) OVER w AS trans_total
     , count(*)    OVER w AS trans_count
FROM   transactiondb t
WHERE  entity_id = 106746
GROUP  BY id  -- is PK!
WINDOW w AS (ORDER BY trans_date
             RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND '29 days' FOLLOWING)
ORDER  BY trans_date, id;

For all entities:

SELECT id, amount, trans_date, entity_id
     , sum(amount) OVER w AS trans_total
     , count(*)    OVER w AS trans_count
FROM   transactiondb t
GROUP  BY id  -- is PK!
WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY entity_id
             ORDER BY trans_date
             RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND '29 days' FOLLOWING)
ORDER  BY entity_id, trans_date, id;

fiddle

Read all the gory syntax details in the manual chapter "Window Function Calls".

Postgres 10 or older (original answer)

The query you have

You could simplify your query using a WINDOW clause, but that's just shortening the syntax, not changing the query plan.

SELECT id, trans_ref_no, amount, trans_date, entity_id
     , sum(amount) OVER w AS trans_total
     , COUNT(*)    OVER w AS trans_count
FROM   transactiondb
WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY entity_id, date_trunc('month',trans_date)
             ORDER BY trans_date
             ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING);

• Also using the slightly faster count(*), since id is certainly defined NOT NULL?
• And you don't need to ORDER BY entity_id since you already PARTITION BY entity_id

You can simplify further, though:
Don't add ORDER BY to the window definition at all, it's not relevant to your query. Then you don't need to define a custom window frame, either:

SELECT id, trans_ref_no, amount, trans_date, entity_id
     , SUM(amount) OVER w AS trans_total
     , COUNT(*)    OVER w AS trans_count
FROM   transactiondb
WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY entity_id, date_trunc('month',trans_date);

Simpler, faster, but still just a better version of what you have, with static months.

The query you might want

... is not clearly defined, so I'll build on these assumptions:

Count transactions and amount for every 30-day period within the first and last transaction of any entity_id. Exclude leading and trailing periods without activity, but include all possible 30-day periods within those outer bounds.

SELECT entity_id, trans_date
     , COALESCE(sum(daily_amount) OVER w, 0) AS trans_total
     , COALESCE(sum(daily_count)  OVER w, 0) AS trans_count
FROM  (
   SELECT entity_id
        , generate_series (min(trans_date)::timestamp
                         , GREATEST(min(trans_date), max(trans_date) - 29)::timestamp
                         , interval '1 day')::date AS trans_date
   FROM   transactiondb 
   GROUP  BY 1
   ) x
LEFT JOIN (
   SELECT entity_id, trans_date
        , sum(amount) AS daily_amount, count(*) AS daily_count
   FROM   transactiondb
   GROUP  BY 1, 2
   ) t USING (entity_id, trans_date)
WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY entity_id ORDER BY trans_date
             ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND 29 FOLLOWING);

This lists all 30-day periods for each entity_id with your aggregates and with trans_date being the first day (incl.) of the period. To get values for each individual row join to the base table once more ...

The basic difficulty is the same as discussed here:

• Referencing current row in FILTER clause of window function

The frame definition of a window cannot depend on values of the current row.

And rather call generate_series() with timestamp input:

• Generating time series between two dates in PostgreSQL

The query you actually want

After question update and discussion:
Accumulate rows of the same entity_id in a 30-day window starting at each actual transaction.

Since your data is distributed sparsely, it should be more efficient to run a self-join with a range condition, all the more since Postgres 9.1 does not have LATERAL joins, yet:

SELECT t0.id, t0.amount, t0.trans_date, t0.entity_id
     , sum(t1.amount) AS trans_total, count(*) AS trans_count
FROM   transactiondb t0
JOIN   transactiondb t1 USING (entity_id)
WHERE  t1.trans_date >= t0.trans_date
AND    t1.trans_date <  t0.trans_date + 30  -- exclude upper bound
-- AND    t0.entity_id = 114284  -- or pick a single entity ...
GROUP  BY t0.id  -- is PK!
ORDER  BY t0.entity_id, t0.trans_date, t0.id;

sqlfiddle

A rolling window could only make sense (with respect to performance) with data for most days.

This does not aggregate duplicates on (trans_date, entity_id) per day, but all rows of the same day are always included in the 30-day window.

For a big table, a covering index like this could help quite a bit:

CREATE INDEX transactiondb_foo_idx
ON transactiondb (entity_id, trans_date, amount);

The last column amount is only useful if you get index-only scans out of it. Else drop it.

But it's not going to be used while you select the whole table anyway. It would support queries for a small subset.