So I did some analysis on the various approaches posted so far, and in my environment, it looks like Daniel's approach wins out consistently on the execution times. Surprisingly (to me) sp_BlitzErik's third CROSS APPLY approach wasn't that far behind. Here're the outputs if anyone's interested, but thanks a TON for all the alternative approaches. I learned more from digging into the answers on this question than I have in quite a while!
Windowed Function - baseline metric
(10406 row(s) affected)
Table 'DateDim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 791, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'TableFact'. Scan count 9, logical reads 140181, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Workfile'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 89815, logical reads 42553550, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 84586, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table01Dim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 7688, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table02Dim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 7819, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 87753 ms, elapsed time = 13031 ms.
Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.
Basic Aggregated Subquery - Daniel Hutmacher
(10406 row(s) affected)
Table 'DateDim'. Scan count 18, logical reads 1194, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'TableFact'. Scan count 18, logical reads 280362, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Workfile'. Scan count 48, logical reads 82408, physical reads 9629, read-ahead reads 72779, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 89791, logical reads 6861425, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 14565, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table01Dim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 7688, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table02Dim'. Scan count 18, logical reads 15726, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 40527 ms, elapsed time = 6182 ms.
Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.
CROSS APPLY Operation A - sp_BlitzErik
(10406 row(s) affected)
Table 'DateDim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 6199331, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'TableFact'. Scan count 3099273, logical reads 12844012, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table01Dim'. Scan count 3109676, logical reads 9350502, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table02Dim'. Scan count 3109676, logical reads 9482456, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Workfile'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 132632 ms, elapsed time = 20955 ms.
CROSS APPLY Operation C - sp_BlitzErik
(10406 row(s) affected)
Table 'DateDim'. Scan count 18, logical reads 1194, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'TableFact'. Scan count 18, logical reads 280362, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Workfile'. Scan count 56, logical reads 92800, physical reads 10872, read-ahead reads 81928, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 89791, logical reads 6861425, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 14563, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table01Dim'. Scan count 18, logical reads 15376, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table02Dim'. Scan count 18, logical reads 15726, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 46082 ms, elapsed time = 6804 ms.
Warning: Null value is eliminated by an aggregate or other SET operation.
TOP 1 WITH TIES - B - SqlZim
(10406 row(s) affected)
Table 'DateDim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 791, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'TableFact'. Scan count 9, logical reads 140181, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Workfile'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 89791, logical reads 6866304, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 93468, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table01Dim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 7688, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'Table02Dim'. Scan count 9, logical reads 7835, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 79406 ms, elapsed time = 15852 ms.