sp_blitz will show you all non-default configuration settings and the details show what the default is.

Another option would be to use dbatools to export the config on a fresh install, using export-dbaspconfigure. Then import when you want to reset, using import-dbaspconfigure.
Export-DbaSpConfigure -ServerInstance . -path c:\temp\sp_configure.sql
This will create a file with all sp_configure options in this format
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options' , 1; RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
EXEC sp_configure 'recovery interval (min)' , 0;
EXEC sp_configure 'allow updates' , 0;
EXEC sp_configure 'user connections' , 0;
EXEC sp_configure 'locks' , 0;
EXEC sp_configure 'open objects' , 0;
EXEC sp_configure 'fill factor (%)' , 0;
EXEC sp_configure 'disallow results from triggers' , 0;
Then you can either run this file or the import-spdbaconfigure command, which will run the script for you
import-DbaSpConfigure -ServerInstance . -path c:\temp\sp_configure.sql