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I have 2 main tables on the server. They have the same structure, but hold different data.

Table #1: 214 million rows, size 40GB (25gb indexes)

Table #2: 26 million rows, size 5.5GB (3.5gb indexes)

My OS is Debian 8 Jessie.

The first problem. Everything works very quickly when there is a cache in memory. If I clean cache or reboot the server, then MySQL queries are very slow. MySQL stores indexes in memory and takes it as a cache, always? Because after some manipulations, the select queries is very fast. What manipulations need to be done to make the server fly:

If I using duplicate of table #1, then during its execution, as I understand it, a read operation occurs and at the same time the information is cached into memory. Here is a free -m screen at the moment of launching a duplicate table.

root@ns344370:~# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:        128965      76802      52163         31         61      21714
-/+ buffers/cache:      55026      73939
Swap:        56141          0      56141

The result, when the duplicate table was created:

root@ns344370:~# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:        128965     126414       2551         31         49      65426
-/+ buffers/cache:      60938      68027
Swap:        56141          0      56141

50GB of RAM under the cache. Execution of the query before the duplicate table 105 seconds:

# Query_time: 105.469931  Lock_time: 0.000180 Rows_sent: 41041  Rows_examined: 2097994
SET timestamp=1539135133;
SELECT SQL_CACHE `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp1` AS `profit`,`psd1` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p1` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10') 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp2` AS `profit`, `psd2` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p2` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp3` AS `profit`, `psd3` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p3` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp4` AS `profit`, `psd4` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p4` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp5` AS `profit`, `psd5` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p5` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp6` AS `profit`, `psd6` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p6` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp7` AS `profit`, `psd7` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p7` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp8` AS `profit`, `psd8` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p8` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
UNION ALL (SELECT `id`, `currency`, `handLimit`, `date`, `pp9` AS `profit`, `psd9` AS `isSD` FROM `ps_hands` WHERE `p9` = '274606' AND (`date` >= '2018-10-01' AND `date` <= '2018-10-10')) 
ORDER BY `id` ASC;

After the duplicate table, it's 0.2 seconds instead 105 secs.

I am thinking of changing the disk from SSHD to NVMe M2 (5x faster). But I will have another 4-5 tables of 50GB each, in this case, I just do not have enough RAM.

I have 128GB RAM. In addition to this project, there is one more project. On which 50GB are allocated. The rest is used for this project and MySQL. I use MyISAM and not InnoDB, because on the site only selects and inserts operations. InnoDB is 20 times slower, checked on a home machine, too, with an M.2 disk....

Here is the mysql config file:

[client]
port        = 3306
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

[mysqld_safe]
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice        = 0

[mysqld]
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir      = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
query_cache_type = DEMAND

key_buffer_size = 55G
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer_size = 128M

max_allowed_packet = 32M
thread_stack        = 192K
thread_cache_size       = 4096

#MySQL Tuner
max_heap_table_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
table_open_cache = 4096

myisam-recover         = BACKUP
max_connections        = 2000
table_cache            = 2048
thread_concurrency     = 17
query_cache_limit   = 128M
query_cache_size  = 256M

log_slow_queries  = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time   = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes

expire_logs_days    = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
#binlog_do_db       = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db   = include_database_name

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet  = 16M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
key_buffer      = 256M
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

Table DDL:

CREATE TABLE `ps_hands` (
  `id` bigint(14) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `currency` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `handLimit` smallint(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `date` date NOT NULL,
  `maxPlayers` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `p1` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p2` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p3` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p4` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p5` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p6` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p7` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p8` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `p9` mediumint(7) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `pp1` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp2` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp3` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp4` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp5` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp6` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp7` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp8` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `pp9` mediumint(7) NOT NULL,
  `psd1` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd2` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd3` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd4` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd5` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd6` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd7` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd8` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  `psd9` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `maxPlayers` (`maxPlayers`),
  KEY `p1_handLimit` (`p1`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p2_handLimit` (`p2`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p3_handLimit` (`p3`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p4_handLimit` (`p4`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p5_handLimit` (`p5`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p6_handLimit` (`p6`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p7_handLimit` (`p7`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p8_handLimit` (`p8`,`handLimit`),
  KEY `p9_handLimit` (`p9`,`handLimit`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT;

Query explain:

+------+--------------+--------------------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+--------+----------------+
| id   | select_type  | table                    | type | possible_keys | key          | key_len | ref   | rows   | Extra          |
+------+--------------+--------------------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+--------+----------------+
|    1 | PRIMARY      | ps_hands                 | ref  | p1_handLimit  | p1_handLimit | 3       | const | 182239 | Using where    |
|    2 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p2_handLimit  | p2_handLimit | 3       | const | 290077 | Using where    |
|    3 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p3_handLimit  | p3_handLimit | 3       | const | 273151 | Using where    |
|    4 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p4_handLimit  | p4_handLimit | 3       | const | 248191 | Using where    |
|    5 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p5_handLimit  | p5_handLimit | 3       | const | 255685 | Using where    |
|    6 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p6_handLimit  | p6_handLimit | 3       | const | 362813 | Using where    |
|    7 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p7_handLimit  | p7_handLimit | 3       | const | 358672 | Using where    |
|    8 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p8_handLimit  | p8_handLimit | 3       | const | 264515 | Using where    |
|    9 | UNION        | ps_hands                 | ref  | p9_handLimit  | p9_handLimit | 3       | const | 221512 | Using where    |
| NULL | UNION RESULT | <union1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9> | ALL  | NULL          | NULL         | NULL    | NULL  | NULL   | Using filesort |
+------+--------------+--------------------------+------+---------------+--------------+---------+-------+--------+----------------+

I have same values in p1-p9 , its a player IDs. One player can have 20 rows, or can have 2 million rows. Most often I get the data exactly by p1-p9 or p1-p9 and handLimit. Sometimes a date is involved, but it’s in every row and I don’t see any reason to index date. How to be?

14
  • 1
    @RDFozz I'm sorry, I meant that the tables are identical in structure and only for individual users upon their request. And there will be 4-5 more such tables in the future. But the data in the tables are different. Therefore, one weighs more than the second. Because it has more data.
    – 8power
    Oct 10, 2018 at 20:35
  • 1
    @danblack no, i use DEMAND cache, and rarely use SQL_CACHE.. (auto-cache disabled)
    – 8power
    Oct 10, 2018 at 22:00
  • 1
    @danblack no, after slowlog i checked separately in MySQL Workbench without using SQL_CACHE, it happened because the indexes were already in the RAM cache after query from slowlog.
    – 8power
    Oct 10, 2018 at 22:07
  • 1
    @WilsonHauck all my options before changes about what you said: pastebin.com/iLXhHG4v and my new options after your post: pastebin.com/uQWrYWXx
    – 8power
    Oct 10, 2018 at 23:28
  • 2
    @WilsonHauck after I put your settings MySQL began to slow down. I think this is due to the fact that I reduced the key_buffer_size from 55GB to 26GB (20% as you said). Now the usual query to select from the table is loaded 76 seconds instead 1 second. # Query_time: 76.709949 Lock_time: 0.000180 Rows_sent: 34130 Rows_examined: 1168846
    – 8power
    Oct 10, 2018 at 23:31

1 Answer 1

1

Suggestions to consider for your my.cnf [mysqld] section Rate Per Second=RPS

20181011 05 00 from mysqlservertuning.com
review your code for presence of CLOSE() at end of session to release threads_connected
innodb_log_file_size=32M  # from 5M should NEVER be less than buffer size
    special handling required on this VERY old v5.5.39 see REFMAN
max_connections=200  # from 500 until you NEED more connections
innodb_io_capacity=15000  # from 200 to use more of your IOPS capacity
read_buffer_size=128K  # from 128M to reduce handler_read_rnd_next RPS dramatically
sort_buffer_size=2M  # from ~ 512M to reduce PER connection RAM requirement
max_write_lock_count=16  # from ~4 billion to allow RD after nn lock requests
table_open_cache=10000  # from 2048 to reduce opened_tables count
table_definition_cache=3000  # from 400 to reduce opened_table_definitions count
open_files_limit=24000  # from 10000 to reduce opened_files RPS
key_buffer_size=12G  # from 24G because less than 10% used
key_cache_age_threshold=7200  # from 300 seconds to minimize AGE OUT data
key_cache_division_limit=50  # from 100 percent for Hot/Warm caches
key_cache_block_size=16384  # from 1024 to reduce CPU cycles for mgmt
query_cache_type=0  # from DEMAND for OFF less than 1% are CACHED
query_cache_size=0  # from 256M to conserve RAM and CPU cycles for mgmt

Other observed difficulties

rollback avg 1 every 45 seconds for this day; slow queries of 299 per hour should be cleaned up

For additional suggestions view my profile, Network profile for contact information including my Skype ID and get in touch, please.

2
  • @8power Have you VERIFIED you are using CLOSE() when your session is completed AND applied the suggestions of Oct 11, 2018 at 9:51 to your configuration? Oct 17, 2018 at 11:11
  • @8power How is your system performing at this time? Aug 17, 2020 at 15:33

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