MySQL's SHOW GRANTS
shows the permissions of the current user.
Is there a way to log in as root and show the permissions of all users?
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Sign up to join this communityMySQL's SHOW GRANTS
shows the permissions of the current user.
Is there a way to log in as root and show the permissions of all users?
Nothing built-in. You have two options though:
Use common_schema
's sql_show_grants view. For example, you can query:
SELECT sql_grants FROM common_schema.sql_show_grants;
Or you can query for particular users, for example:
SELECT sql_grants FROM common_schema.sql_show_grants WHERE user='app';
To install common_schema
, follow the instructions here.
Disclaimer: I am author of this tool.
Use Percona Toolkit's pt-show-grants
, for example:
pt-show-grants --host localhost --user root --ask-pass
In both cases you can ask for the GRANT
command or the REVOKE
(opposite) command.
The first case requires that you install a schema, the latter requires that you install PERL scripts + dependencies.
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'common_schema.sql_show_grants' doesn't exist
Oct 24, 2013 at 19:52
group_concat_max_len
is 1024. It is one of the first defaults to change, and I recommend that you set it to a high value such as 1,000,000
or above. See further in my blog
Dec 5, 2015 at 12:28
select * from information_schema.user_privileges;
EDIT:
As mentioned by Shlomi Noach:
It does not list database-specific, table-specific, column-specific, routine-specific privileges. Therefore, the grant GRANT SELECT ON mydb.* TO myuser@localhost does not show in information_schema.user_privileges. The common_schema solution presented above aggregates the data from user_privileges and other tables to give you the full picture.
information_schema.user_privileges
only lists user-level privileges, such as SUPER
, RELOAD
etc. It also lists all-round DML grants like SELECT
. It does not list database-specific, table-sepcific, column-specific, routine-specific privileges. There fore, the grant GRANT SELECT ON mydb.* TO myuser@localhost
does not show on information_schema.user_privileges
. The common_schema
solution presented above aggregates data from user_privileges
and other tables to give you the full picture.
Jul 9, 2015 at 11:22
common_schema
does not exist on the official MySQL table set, so I disagree with taking away the checkmark here. Not everybody has access to install custom databases like that.
Oct 20, 2020 at 15:33
This Linux shell fragment loops over all MySQL users and does a SHOW GRANTS for each:
mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "select concat('\'',User,'\'@\'',Host,'\'') as User from mysql.user" | sort | \
while read u
do echo "-- $u"; mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "show grants for $u" | sed 's/$/;/'
done
Works best if you can connect to MySQL without a password.
Output is formatted so it can be run in a MySQL shell. Caution: Output also contains the MySQL root user permissions and password! Remove those lines if you don't want the MySQL root user changed.
mysql --defaults-file=/auth/root-mysql.cnf --batch --skip-column-names --execute "SELECT User, Host from mysql.user" | while read user host; do echo "SHOW GRANTS FOR '${user}'@'${host}';"; done | mysql --defaults-file=/auth/root-mysql.cnf --batch | sed 's/^Grants for/-- Grants for/'
One liner (change -uroot
to -u$USER_NAME
for use with other user) in a Unix bash (because of the backticks):
mysql -uroot -p -sNe"`mysql -uroot -p -se"SELECT CONCAT('SHOW GRANTS FOR \'',user,'\'@\'',host,'\';') FROM mysql.user;"`"
or without backticks and with password inline (space in front of command excludes it from Bash history in Ubuntu):
mysql -uroot -p"$PASSWORD" -sNe"$(mysql -uroot -p"$PASSWORD" -se"SELECT CONCAT('SHOW GRANTS FOR \'',user,'\'@\'',host,'\';') FROM mysql.user;")"
In Windows:
mysql -uroot -p -se"SELECT CONCAT('SHOW GRANTS FOR \'',user,'\'@\'',host,'\';') FROM mysql.user;" > grants.sql
mysql -uroot -p < grants.sql
del grants.sql
If you can run the following SELECT statements without error:
/* User-Specific Grants */ SELECT * FROM mysql.user;
/* Database-Specific Grants */ SELECT * FROM mysql.db;
/* Table-Specific Grants */ SELECT * FROM mysql.tables_priv;
/* Column-Specific Grants */ SELECT * FROM mysql.columns_priv;
then feel free to use the following code (below), written in .sql syntax.
I designed this query in an attempt to re-build GRANT statements for all existing permissions (for frequent upkeep during database migration). There are a few issues to be handeld, such as user-password-linking, but because we frequently update passwords, that was not in the scope of this project.
/* Get All Grants/Permissions for MySQL Instance */
/* [Database.Table.Column]-Specific Grants */
SELECT
CONCAT("`",gcl.Db,"`") AS 'Database(s) Affected',
CONCAT("`",gcl.Table_name,"`") AS 'Table(s) Affected',
gcl.User AS 'User-Account(s) Affected',
IF(gcl.Host='%','ALL',gcl.Host) AS 'Remote-IP(s) Affected',
CONCAT("GRANT ",UPPER(gcl.Column_priv)," (",GROUP_CONCAT(gcl.Column_name),") ",
"ON `",gcl.Db,"`.`",gcl.Table_name,"` ",
"TO '",gcl.User,"'@'",gcl.Host,"';") AS 'GRANT Statement (Reconstructed)'
FROM mysql.columns_priv gcl
GROUP BY CONCAT(gcl.Db,gcl.Table_name,gcl.User,gcl.Host)
/* SELECT * FROM mysql.columns_priv */
UNION
/* [Database.Table]-Specific Grants */
SELECT
CONCAT("`",gtb.Db,"`") AS 'Database(s) Affected',
CONCAT("`",gtb.Table_name,"`") AS 'Table(s) Affected',
gtb.User AS 'User-Account(s) Affected',
IF(gtb.Host='%','ALL',gtb.Host) AS 'Remote-IP(s) Affected',
CONCAT(
"GRANT ",UPPER(gtb.Table_priv)," ",
"ON `",gtb.Db,"`.`",gtb.Table_name,"` ",
"TO '",gtb.User,"'@'",gtb.Host,"';"
) AS 'GRANT Statement (Reconstructed)'
FROM mysql.tables_priv gtb
WHERE gtb.Table_priv!=''
/* SELECT * FROM mysql.tables_priv */
UNION
/* Database-Specific Grants */
SELECT
CONCAT("`",gdb.Db,"`") AS 'Database(s) Affected',
"ALL" AS 'Table(s) Affected',
gdb.User AS 'User-Account(s) Affected',
IF(gdb.Host='%','ALL',gdb.Host) AS 'Remote-IP(s) Affected',
CONCAT(
'GRANT ',
CONCAT_WS(',',
IF(gdb.Select_priv='Y','SELECT',NULL),
IF(gdb.Insert_priv='Y','INSERT',NULL),
IF(gdb.Update_priv='Y','UPDATE',NULL),
IF(gdb.Delete_priv='Y','DELETE',NULL),
IF(gdb.Create_priv='Y','CREATE',NULL),
IF(gdb.Drop_priv='Y','DROP',NULL),
IF(gdb.Grant_priv='Y','GRANT',NULL),
IF(gdb.References_priv='Y','REFERENCES',NULL),
IF(gdb.Index_priv='Y','INDEX',NULL),
IF(gdb.Alter_priv='Y','ALTER',NULL),
IF(gdb.Create_tmp_table_priv='Y','CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES',NULL),
IF(gdb.Lock_tables_priv='Y','LOCK TABLES',NULL),
IF(gdb.Create_view_priv='Y','CREATE VIEW',NULL),
IF(gdb.Show_view_priv='Y','SHOW VIEW',NULL),
IF(gdb.Create_routine_priv='Y','CREATE ROUTINE',NULL),
IF(gdb.Alter_routine_priv='Y','ALTER ROUTINE',NULL),
IF(gdb.Execute_priv='Y','EXECUTE',NULL),
IF(gdb.Event_priv='Y','EVENT',NULL),
IF(gdb.Trigger_priv='Y','TRIGGER',NULL)
),
" ON `",gdb.Db,"`.* TO '",gdb.User,"'@'",gdb.Host,"';"
) AS 'GRANT Statement (Reconstructed)'
FROM mysql.db gdb
WHERE gdb.Db != ''
/* SELECT * FROM mysql.db */
UNION
/* User-Specific Grants */
SELECT
"ALL" AS 'Database(s) Affected',
"ALL" AS 'Table(s) Affected',
gus.User AS 'User-Account(s) Affected',
IF(gus.Host='%','ALL',gus.Host) AS 'Remote-IP(s) Affected',
CONCAT(
"GRANT ",
IF((gus.Select_priv='N')&(gus.Insert_priv='N')&(gus.Update_priv='N')&(gus.Delete_priv='N')&(gus.Create_priv='N')&(gus.Drop_priv='N')&(gus.Reload_priv='N')&(gus.Shutdown_priv='N')&(gus.Process_priv='N')&(gus.File_priv='N')&(gus.References_priv='N')&(gus.Index_priv='N')&(gus.Alter_priv='N')&(gus.Show_db_priv='N')&(gus.Super_priv='N')&(gus.Create_tmp_table_priv='N')&(gus.Lock_tables_priv='N')&(gus.Execute_priv='N')&(gus.Repl_slave_priv='N')&(gus.Repl_client_priv='N')&(gus.Create_view_priv='N')&(gus.Show_view_priv='N')&(gus.Create_routine_priv='N')&(gus.Alter_routine_priv='N')&(gus.Create_user_priv='N')&(gus.Event_priv='N')&(gus.Trigger_priv='N')&(gus.Create_tablespace_priv='N')&(gus.Grant_priv='N'),
"USAGE",
IF((gus.Select_priv='Y')&(gus.Insert_priv='Y')&(gus.Update_priv='Y')&(gus.Delete_priv='Y')&(gus.Create_priv='Y')&(gus.Drop_priv='Y')&(gus.Reload_priv='Y')&(gus.Shutdown_priv='Y')&(gus.Process_priv='Y')&(gus.File_priv='Y')&(gus.References_priv='Y')&(gus.Index_priv='Y')&(gus.Alter_priv='Y')&(gus.Show_db_priv='Y')&(gus.Super_priv='Y')&(gus.Create_tmp_table_priv='Y')&(gus.Lock_tables_priv='Y')&(gus.Execute_priv='Y')&(gus.Repl_slave_priv='Y')&(gus.Repl_client_priv='Y')&(gus.Create_view_priv='Y')&(gus.Show_view_priv='Y')&(gus.Create_routine_priv='Y')&(gus.Alter_routine_priv='Y')&(gus.Create_user_priv='Y')&(gus.Event_priv='Y')&(gus.Trigger_priv='Y')&(gus.Create_tablespace_priv='Y')&(gus.Grant_priv='Y'),
"ALL PRIVILEGES",
CONCAT_WS(',',
IF(gus.Select_priv='Y','SELECT',NULL),
IF(gus.Insert_priv='Y','INSERT',NULL),
IF(gus.Update_priv='Y','UPDATE',NULL),
IF(gus.Delete_priv='Y','DELETE',NULL),
IF(gus.Create_priv='Y','CREATE',NULL),
IF(gus.Drop_priv='Y','DROP',NULL),
IF(gus.Reload_priv='Y','RELOAD',NULL),
IF(gus.Shutdown_priv='Y','SHUTDOWN',NULL),
IF(gus.Process_priv='Y','PROCESS',NULL),
IF(gus.File_priv='Y','FILE',NULL),
IF(gus.References_priv='Y','REFERENCES',NULL),
IF(gus.Index_priv='Y','INDEX',NULL),
IF(gus.Alter_priv='Y','ALTER',NULL),
IF(gus.Show_db_priv='Y','SHOW DATABASES',NULL),
IF(gus.Super_priv='Y','SUPER',NULL),
IF(gus.Create_tmp_table_priv='Y','CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES',NULL),
IF(gus.Lock_tables_priv='Y','LOCK TABLES',NULL),
IF(gus.Execute_priv='Y','EXECUTE',NULL),
IF(gus.Repl_slave_priv='Y','REPLICATION SLAVE',NULL),
IF(gus.Repl_client_priv='Y','REPLICATION CLIENT',NULL),
IF(gus.Create_view_priv='Y','CREATE VIEW',NULL),
IF(gus.Show_view_priv='Y','SHOW VIEW',NULL),
IF(gus.Create_routine_priv='Y','CREATE ROUTINE',NULL),
IF(gus.Alter_routine_priv='Y','ALTER ROUTINE',NULL),
IF(gus.Create_user_priv='Y','CREATE USER',NULL),
IF(gus.Event_priv='Y','EVENT',NULL),
IF(gus.Trigger_priv='Y','TRIGGER',NULL),
IF(gus.Create_tablespace_priv='Y','CREATE TABLESPACE',NULL)
)
)
),
" ON *.* TO '",gus.User,"'@'",gus.Host,"' REQUIRE ",
CASE gus.ssl_type
WHEN 'ANY' THEN
"SSL "
WHEN 'X509' THEN
"X509 "
WHEN 'SPECIFIED' THEN
CONCAT_WS("AND ",
IF((LENGTH(gus.ssl_cipher)>0),CONCAT("CIPHER '",CONVERT(gus.ssl_cipher USING utf8),"' "),NULL),
IF((LENGTH(gus.x509_issuer)>0),CONCAT("ISSUER '",CONVERT(gus.ssl_cipher USING utf8),"' "),NULL),
IF((LENGTH(gus.x509_subject)>0),CONCAT("SUBJECT '",CONVERT(gus.ssl_cipher USING utf8),"' "),NULL)
)
ELSE "NONE "
END,
"WITH ",
IF(gus.Grant_priv='Y',"GRANT OPTION ",""),
"MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR ",gus.max_questions," ",
"MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR ",gus.max_connections," ",
"MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR ",gus.max_updates," ",
"MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS ",gus.max_user_connections,
";"
) AS 'GRANT Statement (Reconstructed)'
FROM mysql.user gus
WHERE gus.Password != ''
/* SELECT * FROM mysql.user gus */
/* TODO: */
/* SELECT * FROM mysql.host ghs */
/* SELECT * FROM mysql.procs_priv gpr */
Happy to answer / verify any questions or concerns
select * from mysql.user;
Can give you User list and Privileges assigned to each of them, requires access to mysql.user
table though and root
user has it.
mysql.db
. Privileges on specific tables are in mysql.tables_priv
, and so on. So it's not so simple.
Aug 28, 2012 at 12:40
select * from mysql.user
into crackstation.net and see the unhashed output.
This will give you a better view...
mysql> select Host, Db, User, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Alter_priv from mysql.db limit 1;
+------+------+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+------------+
| Host | Db | User | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Alter_priv |
+------+------+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+------------+
| % | test | | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
+------+------+------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
As mentioned in this answer, you can run the following set of commands to list the database-specific, table-specific, column-specific and routine-specific privileges of all users. Note that you need to run this from the shell, not the MySQL command prompt.
mysql -u root --skip-column-names -A -e"SELECT CONCAT('SHOW GRANTS FOR ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') FROM mysql.user WHERE user<>''" | mysql -u root --skip-column-names -A
The advantage of this approach is that you don't need to install additional software.
The command SHOW GRANTS [FOR user]
may show any user you want. See here for more detail.
If you are administering databases often, you will likely want to keep tight privileges. You can use a stored procedure to quickly run a check. This example works in mariadb might need a tweak to work with the standard mysql version.
Using the answer from Mansur Ali with a little tweak reordering the columns and adding in some ordering to better organise the output.
Using a root login:
USE mysql;
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE ShowPrivs(start, end)
BEGIN
SELECT Db, User, Host, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Alter_priv FROM mysql.db order by Db, Host, User ASC;
END;
//
DELIMITER ;
You could change the procedure to check mysql.user table instead.
Usage, using a root login:
USE mysql;
CALL ShowPrivs();
I used mysql workbench on Ubuntu to run the create procedure part of this answer.
As an aside and a little off the topic here but, you could also have a procedure to show unknown hosts or users. An example for unknown hosts:
USE mysql;
DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE `ShowUnknownHosts`(IN Hosts_String VARCHAR(200))
BEGIN
SELECT user,host FROM user
WHERE FIND_IN_SET(host, Hosts_String) = 0;
END//
DELIMITER ;
Usage note: Supply a string of hosts separated by commas so only one set of '' is used:
CALL ShowUnknownHosts('knownhost1,knownhost2');
You could also make the column variable by including another parameter in the procedure and call it with ShowUnknownHosts(user,'user1,user2'); for example.