Analysis of GLOBAL STATUS and VARIABLES:
Observations:
- Version: 8.0.16
- 64 GB of RAM
- Uptime = 188d 02:10:14
- You are not running on Windows.
- Running 64-bit version
- You appear to be running entirely (or mostly) InnoDB.
The More Important Issues:
Increase binlog_cache_size to 4M.
Increase innodb_log_file_size to 2G.
Increase innodb_io_capacity to 1000. (Maybe more; I can't tell.)
Increase bulk_insert_buffer_size to 500M.
Increase host_cache_size to 1000.
Consider using DEACTIVATE PREPARE.
Turn OFF log_queries_not_using_indexes; it is mostly clutter.
Max_used_connections has reached 962; this may have lead to other problems.
If you are not using Replication and not saving the binlogs for anything else, consider turning log_bin OFF; this would save a bunch of I/O.
Unusually high number of CREATE/ALTER/DROP/PURGE EVENT/TRIGGER/FUNCTION/PROCEDURE/SAVEPOINT. Though their frequency is probably significant, I question the schema design when such commands are used heavily.
I don't think this is valid: character_set_filesystem = utf8mb4
It is normally "binary". I worry that the "filessystem" may not allow such. Were other charset things changed?
Details and other observations:
( Key_reads + Key_writes + Innodb_pages_read + Innodb_pages_written + Innodb_dblwr_writes + Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed ) = (0 + 0 + 138942227 + 2025439216 + 148032874 + 2025439206) / 16251014 = 266 /sec
-- IOPs?
-- If the hardware can handle it, set innodb_io_capacity (now 200) to about this value.
( ( Key_reads + Key_writes + Innodb_pages_read + Innodb_pages_written + Innodb_dblwr_writes + Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed ) / innodb_io_capacity / Uptime ) = ( 0 + 0 + 138942227 + 2025439216 + 148032874 + 2025439206 ) / 200 / 16251014 = 133.5%
-- This may be a metric indicating what innodb_io_capacity is set reasonably.
-- Increase innodb_io_capacity (now 200) if the hardware can handle it.
( table_open_cache ) = 4,000
-- Number of table descriptors to cache
-- Several hundred is usually good.
( Binlog_cache_disk_use / Binlog_cache_use ) = 222,113,817 / 451574927 = 49.2%
-- Spill to disk
-- Increase binlog_cache_size (now 32768)
( innodb_lru_scan_depth * innodb_page_cleaners ) = 1,024 * 4 = 4,096
-- Amount of work for page cleaners every second.
-- "InnoDB: page_cleaner: 1000ms intended loop took ..." may be fixable by lowering lru_scan_depth: Consider 1000 / innodb_page_cleaners (now 4). Also check for swapping.
( innodb_page_cleaners / innodb_buffer_pool_instances ) = 4 / 8 = 0.5
-- innodb_page_cleaners
-- Recommend setting innodb_page_cleaners (now 4) to innodb_buffer_pool_instances (now 8)
( innodb_lru_scan_depth ) = 1,024
-- "InnoDB: page_cleaner: 1000ms intended loop took ..." may be fixed by lowering lru_scan_depth
( Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed ) = 2,025,439,206 / 16251014 = 124 /sec
-- Writes (flushes)
-- Increase innodb_buffer_pool_size (now 48318382080)?
( Innodb_os_log_written ) = 19,211,214,969,856 / 16251014 = 1182154 /sec
-- This is an indicator of how busy InnoDB is.
-- Very busy InnoDB.
( Innodb_log_writes ) = 6,037,953,736 / 16251014 = 371 /sec
( Innodb_os_log_written / (Uptime / 3600) / innodb_log_files_in_group / innodb_log_file_size ) = 19,211,214,969,856 / (16251014 / 3600) / 2 / 128M = 15.9
-- Ratio
-- (see minutes)
( Uptime / 60 * innodb_log_file_size / Innodb_os_log_written ) = 16,251,014 / 60 * 128M / 19211214969856 = 1.89
-- Minutes between InnoDB log rotations Beginning with 5.6.8, this can be changed dynamically; be sure to also change my.cnf.
-- (The recommendation of 60 minutes between rotations is somewhat arbitrary.) Adjust innodb_log_file_size (now 134217728). (Cannot change in AWS.)
( Innodb_dblwr_writes ) = 148,032,874 / 16251014 = 9.1 /sec
-- "Doublewrite buffer" writes to disk. "Doublewrites" are a reliability feature. Some newer versions / configurations don't need them.
-- (Symptom of other issues)
( innodb_io_capacity ) = 200
-- I/O ops per second capable on disk . 100 for slow drives; 200 for spinning drives; 1000-2000 for SSDs; multiply by RAID factor.
( innodb_print_all_deadlocks ) = innodb_print_all_deadlocks = OFF
-- Whether to log all Deadlocks.
-- If you are plagued with Deadlocks, turn this on. Caution: If you have lots of deadlocks, this may write a lot to disk.
( max_connections ) = 5,230
-- Maximum number of connections (threads). Impacts various allocations.
-- If max_connections (now 5230) is too high and various memory settings are high, you could run out of RAM.
( local_infile ) = local_infile = ON
-- local_infile (now ON) = ON is a potential security issue
( bulk_insert_buffer_size ) = 8 / 65536M = 0.01%
-- Buffer for multi-row INSERTs and LOAD DATA
-- Too big could threaten RAM size. Too small could hinder such operations.
( (Com_insert + Com_update + Com_delete + Com_replace) / Com_commit ) = (367369323 + 569825858 + 4993533 + 0) / 423300126 = 2.23
-- Statements per Commit (assuming all InnoDB)
-- Low: Might help to group queries together in transactions; High: long transactions strain various things.
( Com_insert + Com_delete + Com_delete_multi + Com_replace + Com_update + Com_update_multi ) = (367369323 + 4993533 + 0 + 0 + 569825858 + 0) / 16251014 = 58 /sec
-- writes/sec
-- 50 writes/sec + log flushes will probably max out I/O write capacity of normal drives
( ( Com_stmt_prepare - Com_stmt_close ) / ( Com_stmt_prepare + Com_stmt_close ) ) = ( 129325937 - 0 ) / ( 129325937 + 0 ) = 100.0%
-- Are you closing your prepared statements?
-- Add Closes.
( Com_stmt_prepare - Com_stmt_close ) = 129,325,937 - 0 = 1.29e+8
-- How many prepared statements have not been closed.
-- CLOSE prepared statements
( Com_stmt_close / Com_stmt_prepare ) = 0 / 129325937 = 0
-- Prepared statements should be Closed.
-- Check whether all Prepared statements are "Closed".
( binlog_format ) = binlog_format = MIXED
-- STATEMENT/ROW/MIXED.
-- ROW is preferred by 5.7 (10.3)
( expire_logs_days ) = 0
-- How soon to automatically purge binlog (after this many days). Being replaced by binlog_expire_logs_seconds.
-- Too large (or zero) = consumes disk space; too small = need to respond quickly to network/machine crash.
(Not relevant if log_bin (now ON) = OFF)
( log_slow_slave_statements ) = log_slow_slave_statements = OFF
-- (5.6.11, 5.7.1) By default, replicated statements won't show up in the slowlog; this causes them to show.
-- It can be helpful in the slowlog to see writes that could be interfering with Replica reads.
( log_queries_not_using_indexes ) = log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON
-- Whether to include such in slowlog.
-- This clutters the slowlog; turn it off so you can see the real slow queries. And decrease long_query_time (now 1) to catch most interesting queries.
( Max_used_connections ) = 962
-- High-water mark for connections
-- Lots of inactive connections is OK; over 100 active connections is likely to be a problem. Max_used_connections (now 962) does not distinguish them; Threads_running (now 5) is instantaneous.
( Max_used_connections / host_cache_size ) = 962 / 864 = 111.3%
-- Increase host_cache_size (now 864)
Abnormally small:
Select_range = 0.02 /HR
Select_range / Com_select = 0.00%
gtid_executed_compression_period = 0.22 /HR
information_schema_stats_expiry = 60
Abnormally large:
Bytes_received = 1358576 /sec
Com_alter_event = 0.00022 /HR
Com_alter_user = 0.00066 /HR
Com_begin = 26 /sec
Com_create_function = 0.0049 /HR
Com_create_procedure = 0.0058 /HR
Com_create_trigger = 0.00066 /HR
Com_create_view = 0.044 /HR
Com_drop_function = 0.0049 /HR
Com_drop_procedure = 0.0058 /HR
Com_drop_trigger = 0.00022 /HR
Com_drop_view = 0.044 /HR
Com_flush = 13 /HR
Com_purge = 4.1 /HR
Com_purge_before_date = 7.9 /HR
Com_savepoint = 21 /sec
Com_show_engine_mutex = 0.0013 /HR
Com_stmt_execute = 58 /sec
Created_tmp_files = 0.35 /sec
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data = 2.94e+6
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total = 2.95e+6
Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs = 6,252
Innodb_data_writes = 506 /sec
Innodb_data_written = 5779458 /sec
Innodb_os_log_fsyncs = 72 /sec
Innodb_os_log_written / (Uptime / 3600) / innodb_log_files_in_group = 2,029.3MB
Innodb_pages_created = 7.7 /sec
Ongoing_anonymous_transaction_count = 2
Prepared_stmt_count = 437
Ssl_accepts = 1.09e+7
Ssl_default_timeout = 7,200
Ssl_finished_accepts = 1.09e+7
Ssl_session_cache_misses = 1.09e+7
Ssl_session_cache_overflows = 106
Ssl_used_session_cache_entries = 127
Ssl_verify_depth = 1.84e+19
Ssl_verify_mode = 5
back_log / max_connections = 100.0%
host_cache_size = 864
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct_lwm = 10
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 2
max_error_count = 1,024
max_length_for_sort_data = 4,096
max_prepared_stmt_count = 1.05e+6
Abnormal strings:
character_set_filesystem = utf8mb4
event_scheduler = ON
gtid_mode = OFF_PERMISSIVE
have_query_cache = NO
innodb_data_home_dir = /rdsdbdata/db/innodb
innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators = ON
log_statements_unsafe_for_binlog = OFF
optimizer_trace = enabled=off,one_line=off
optimizer_trace_features = greedy_search=on, range_optimizer=on, dynamic_range=on, repeated_subselect=on
relay_log_recovery = ON
slave_exec_mode = IDEMPOTENT
slave_rows_search_algorithms = INDEX_SCAN,HASH_SCAN
time_zone = UTC
From Comments Some comments on the Comments:
- "average row length is ~120kb" -- That is quite high, so I and not surprised that the default for the default
binlog_cache_size
was inadequate.
- There is not much I/O, so changing
innodb_io_capacity
may not make any difference.
- I don't know what constitutes a "bulk_insert_buffer_size", so I don't know. The change is probably harmless, even if not helpful.
- "1.89 Minutes between InnoDB log rotations" -- extremely rapid. Hence, the low value for
innodb_log_file_size
may be leading to the "stalls" you are experiencing.
- A "a burst of concurrent queries" would hit the logs and other things.
innodb_buffer_pool_size
is reasonable for the RAM size. (You can't raise it much.) I don't think you need to go to bigger VM.
- Why is it frequently "ramping up" and yielding a "cold" buffer_pool? Such would hava a signifcant impact on latency (queries would run slower) and I/O (due to a lot of reads refilling the buffer_pool cache).
- Prepared statements (I think) come only from Stored routines. Strange numbers like yours are something of a mystery to me; I am at a loss to give you specific advice, esspecially if you don't have any routines. Perhaps the monitoring has some SPs?
SHOW WARNINGS;
has 0 results. I appreciate the offer to Skype but I would prefer to discuss here on StackExchange rather than on another platform if you don't mind.