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I have SQL Server 2008 R2 with 323 databases consuming some 14 GB on my C: drive, a fast SSD.
Because I want to reclaim some space on my C: drive, I would like to move them to my D: drive.
I have found this MSDN article, but that seems to be the procedure to move only one database.
Is there an automatic way or script to move all my databases at once?
I use Powershell for this sort of work. In fact, I use Powershell to generate Powershell, because I have a script that will loop through my databases and generate my final move script. You will have to move each database one at a time, but this will at least help you script 90% of the work.
#load SMO
Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100
Add-PSSnapin SqlServerProviderSnapin100
#Added line if using SQL Server 2012 or later
Import-module SQLPS
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO') | out-null
#Create server object and output filename
$server = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server "localhost"
$outputfile=([Environment]::GetFolderPath("MyDocuments"))+"\FileMover.ps1"
#set this for your new location
$newloc="X:\NewDBLocation"
#get your databases
$db_list=$server.Databases
#build initial script components
"Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100" > $outputfile
"Add-PSSnapin SqlServerProviderSnapin100" >> $outputfile
"Import-Module SQLPS" >> $outputfile
"[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO') `"localhost`" | out-null" >> $outputfile
"`$server = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server " >> $outputfile
foreach($db_build in $db_list)
{
#only process user databases
if(!($db_build.IsSystemObject))
{
#script out all the file moves
"#----------------------------------------------------------------------" >> $outputfile
"`$db=`$server.Databases[`""+$db_build.Name+"`"]" >> $outputfile
$dbchange = @()
$robocpy =@()
foreach ($fg in $db_build.Filegroups)
{
foreach($file in $fg.Files)
{
$shortfile=$file.Filename.Substring($file.Filename.LastIndexOf('\')+1)
$oldloc=$file.Filename.Substring(0,$file.Filename.LastIndexOf('\'))
$dbchange+="`$db.FileGroups[`""+$fg.Name+"`"].Files[`""+$file.Name+"`"].Filename=`"$newloc`\"+$shortfile+"`""
$robocpy+="ROBOCOPY `"$oldloc`" `"$newloc`" $shortfile /copyall /mov"
}
}
foreach($logfile in $db_build.LogFiles)
{
$shortfile=$logfile.Filename.Substring($logfile.Filename.LastIndexOf('\')+1)
$oldloc=$logfile.Filename.Substring(0,$logfile.Filename.LastIndexOf('\'))
$dbchange+="`$db.LogFiles[`""+$logfile.Name+"`"].Filename=`"$newloc`\"+$shortfile+"`""
$robocpy+="ROBOCOPY `"$oldloc`" `"$newloc`" $shortfile /copyall /mov"
}
$dbchange+="`$db.Alter()"
$dbchange+="Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query `"ALTER DATABASE ["+$db_build.Name+"] SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;`" -Database `"master`""
$dbchange >> $outputfile
$robocpy >> $outputfile
"Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query `"ALTER DATABASE ["+$db_build.Name+"] SET ONLINE;`" -Database `"master`"" >> $outputfile
}
}
The output will be a FileMover.ps1 script in your MyDocuments folder that looks something like this:
Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100
Add-PSSnapin SqlServerProviderSnapin100
Import-Module SQLPS
[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.SqlServer.SMO') "localhost" | out-null
$server = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
$db=$server.Databases["AdventureWorks2012"]
$db.FileGroups["PRIMARY"].Files["AdventureWorks2012_Data"].Filename="X:\NewDBLocation\AdventureWorks2012_Data.mdf"
$db.LogFiles["AdventureWorks2012_Log"].Filename="X:\NewDBLocation\AdventureWorks2012_log.ldf"
$db.Alter()
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "ALTER DATABASE [AdventureWorks2012] SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;" -Database "master"
ROBOCOPY "C:\DBData" "X:\NewDBLocation" AdventureWorks2012_Data.mdf /copyall /mov
ROBOCOPY "C:\DBFiles\Log" "X:\NewDBLocation" AdventureWorks2012_log.ldf /copyall /mov
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "ALTER DATABASE [AdventureWorks2012] SET ONLINE;" -Database "master"
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
$db=$server.Databases["AdventureWorks2012DW"]
$db.FileGroups["PRIMARY"].Files["AdventureWorksDW2012_Data"].Filename="X:\NewDBLocation\AdventureWorksDW2012_Data.mdf"
$db.LogFiles["AdventureWorksDW2012_Log"].Filename="X:\NewDBLocation\AdventureWorks2012DW_log.ldf"
$db.Alter()
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "ALTER DATABASE [AdventureWorks2012DW] SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;" -Database "master"
ROBOCOPY "C:\DBData" "X:\NewDBLocation" AdventureWorksDW2012_Data.mdf /copyall /mov
ROBOCOPY "C:\DBData" "X:\NewDBLocation" AdventureWorks2012DW_log.ldf /copyall /mov
Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "ALTER DATABASE [AdventureWorks2012DW] SET ONLINE;" -Database "master"
...
Caveats
You can use either Alter database Modify File or Detach/Attach methods.
Note: Both will require some downtime, so has to be done during maintenance window.
This assumes that you have same directory structure on the new drive e.g. C:\data\ and D:\Data.
-- using Alter database with Modify method (preferred one)
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @datafile VARCHAR(255)
,@logfile VARCHAR(255)
,@dbid TINYINT
,@SQLText VARCHAR(max)
,@dbname VARCHAR(255)
,@sqltext1 VARCHAR(max)
,@SQLText2 VARCHAR(max)
--2. Prepare for modify
IF EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM tempdb..sysobjects
WHERE NAME LIKE '%#filetable%'
)
BEGIN
DROP TABLE #filetable
END
CREATE TABLE #filetable (
mdf VARCHAR(255)
,ldf VARCHAR(255)
,dbid TINYINT
,dbname VARCHAR(100)
,fileid TINYINT
,logicalname SYSNAME
)
--
INSERT #filetable (
mdf
,dbid
,fileid
,logicalname
)
SELECT physical_name
,database_id
,data_space_id
,NAME
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE data_space_id = 1
INSERT #filetable (
ldf
,dbid
,fileid
,logicalname
)
SELECT physical_name
,database_id
,data_space_id
,NAME
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE data_space_id = 0
UPDATE u
SET u.dbname = s.NAME
FROM #filetable u
INNER JOIN master..sysdatabases s ON u.dbid = s.dbid
UPDATE #filetable
SET mdf = replace(mdf, 'C:', 'D:')
,ldf = replace(ldf, 'C:', 'D:')
FROM #filetable
SELECT @dbid = min(dbid)
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid > 4
WHILE @dbid IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQLText = 'alter database [' + dbname + '] MODIFY FILE (Name = ' + logicalname + ' , FileName = N''' + ldf + ''');'
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = convert(VARCHAR, @dbid)
AND fileid = 0 -- Log file
PRINT @SQLText
--Exec(@SQLText)
SELECT @SQLText2 = 'alter database [' + dbname + '] MODIFY FILE (Name = ' + logicalname + ' , FileName = N''' + mdf + ''');'
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = convert(VARCHAR, @dbid)
AND fileid = 1 -- data file
PRINT @SQLText2
--Exec(@SQLText)
SELECT @dbid = min(dbid)
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid > 4
AND dbid > @dbid
END
--- using Old Detach / Attach method (not preferred, but still people use it.. unfortunately I used it recently on a NON prod server).
DECLARE @datafile VARCHAR(255)
,@logfile VARCHAR(255)
,@dbid TINYINT
,@SQLText VARCHAR(8000)
,@dbname VARCHAR(255)
,@SQLText2 VARCHAR(8000)
--2. Detach All Local Databases and prepare for Attach
IF EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM tempdb..sysobjects
WHERE NAME LIKE '%#filetable%'
)
BEGIN
DROP TABLE #filetable
END
CREATE TABLE #filetable (
mdf VARCHAR(255)
,ldf VARCHAR(255)
,dbid TINYINT
,dbname VARCHAR(100)
,fileid TINYINT
)
--
INSERT #filetable (
mdf
,dbid
,fileid
)
SELECT physical_name
,database_id
,data_space_id
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE data_space_id = 1
INSERT #filetable (
ldf
,dbid
,fileid
)
SELECT physical_name
,database_id
,data_space_id
FROM sys.master_files
WHERE data_space_id = 0
UPDATE u
SET u.dbname = s.NAME
FROM #filetable u
INNER JOIN master..sysdatabases s ON u.dbid = s.dbid
UPDATE #filetable
SET mdf = replace(mdf, 'C:', 'D:')
,ldf = replace(ldf, 'C:', 'D:')
FROM #filetable
SELECT @dbid = min(dbid)
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid > 4
WHILE @dbid IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @SQLText = 'alter database [' + dbname + ']'
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = convert(VARCHAR, @dbid)
SELECT @SQLText = @SQLText + CHAR(10) + ' set single_user with rollback immediate;'
SELECT @SQLText = @SQLText + CHAR(10) + ' exec master..sp_detach_db ' + dbname
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = convert(VARCHAR, @dbid)
PRINT @SQLText
--Exec(@SQLText)
SELECT @SQLText2 = 'exec master..sp_attach_db ''' + dbname + ''''
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = @dbid
SELECT @SQLText2 = @SQLText2 + ',''' + mdf + ''''
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = @dbid
AND mdf IS NOT NULL
SELECT @SQLText2 = @SQLText2 + ',''' + ldf + ''''
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid = @dbid
AND ldf IS NOT NULL
PRINT @SQLText2
--Exec(@SQLText)
SELECT @dbid = min(dbid)
FROM #filetable
WHERE dbid > 4
AND dbid > @dbid
END
DROP TABLE #filetable
The only way that I know of to do multiple DBs at once would be to script the move for multiple DBs at once.
ALTER DATABASE database_nameA SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
ALTER DATABASE database_nameB SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
ALTER DATABASE database_nameC SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
-------
Here you could either move the files manually, or write a script to do it. Possibly using xp_cmdshell or some tool. Probably easier to just move the files by hand though. Mark a bunch of them, then drag and drop.
-------
ALTER DATABASE database_nameA MODIFY FILE ( NAME = logical_name, FILENAME = 'new_path\os_file_name' );
ALTER DATABASE database_nameB MODIFY FILE ( NAME = logical_name, FILENAME = 'new_path\os_file_name' );
ALTER DATABASE database_nameC MODIFY FILE ( NAME = logical_name, FILENAME = 'new_path\os_file_name' );
ALTER DATABASE database_nameA SET ONLINE;
ALTER DATABASE database_nameB SET ONLINE;
ALTER DATABASE database_nameC SET ONLINE;
Of course if you move the data file and the log file you have to make sure you do the MODIFY FILE part for each part.
------------------------------
[email protected] - July 2016
use master;
go
SET NOCOUNT ON
print '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
print '--Script for Moving Multiple database files to a new drive / ' + CONVERT(varchar(256),getdate() )
print '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
print ''
DECLARE @dbname nvarchar(128)
DECLARE @DestPath nvarchar(256)
--Set here the new destination path of the file
set @DestPath = 'T:\Data\'
------------------------------------------------
--Filter: HD Databases
------------------------------------------------
DECLARE DBList_cursor CURSOR FOR
Select name from sys.databases
--where name like '<FIlter Something>'
----------------------------------------------
OPEN DBList_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM DBList_cursor
INTO @dbname
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
declare @output_script varchar(max) --Output of the generated script
declare @mdf_orig_path nvarchar(256) --Original datbase file path
declare @cmdstring nvarchar(256) --Command String
declare @CursorDeclare varchar(max) --Cursor declaration command
declare @Originalfilename varchar(max) -- local @CursorDeclare command
declare @filename varchar(max) -- local @CursorDeclare command
declare @LogicalFileaame varchar(max) -- Logical FileName
--Set null into @output script
set @output_script=''
--Generate Databse Cursor declaration command
set @CursorDeclare='DECLARE DBFiles_cursor CURSOR FOR select [filename], [name] from '+ @dbname + '.sys.sysfiles'
--Cursor Declaration
execute (@CursorDeclare)
OPEN DBFiles_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM DBFiles_cursor INTO @filename, @LogicalFileaame
--For RollBack Option
select @Originalfilename = @filename
--Modify Physical FileName
if (@filename like '%.mdf') begin
select @mdf_orig_path = @filename
IF(CHARINDEX('\', @filename) > 0)
select @filename = RIGHT(@filename, CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(@filename)) -1)
select @filename = @DestPath + @filename
select @cmdstring = ' ''copy' + ' ' + '"'+ @mdf_orig_path + '"' + ' ' + '"' + @filename +'"' + ''''
--Get Logical FileNAme
end
print CHAR(10)
print '-----------------------------------------'
print @dbname
print '-----------------------------------------'
print CHAR(10)
print 'print ''Start'' + CONVERT(varchar(256), getdate() ) '
print '---Offline Database' + @dbname
print 'ALTER DATABASE ' + @dbname + ' SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE' + CHAR(10) + 'GO'
print 'exec master..xp_cmdshell' + ' ' + @cmdstring + CHAR(10)
print '--For RollBack Use this:ALTER DATABASE ' + @dbname +' MODIFY FILE ( NAME =' + @LogicalFileaame +', FILENAME =' + @Originalfilename + ')' + CHAR(10)
print 'ALTER DATABASE ' + @dbname +' MODIFY FILE ( NAME =' + @LogicalFileaame +', FILENAME =' + '''' + @DestPath + @dbname + '.mdf'' )' +CHAR(10)
print '---ONline Database' + @dbname
print 'ALTER DATABASE ' + @dbname + ' SET ONLINE WITH
ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
GO'
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
set @output_script=@output_script+' (FILENAME = '''+ @filename +'''),'
FETCH NEXT FROM DBFiles_cursor INTO @filename, @LogicalFileaame
END
set @output_script=SUBSTRING(@output_script,0,len(@output_script))
CLOSE DBFiles_cursor
DEALLOCATE DBFiles_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM DBList_cursor
INTO @dbname
END
CLOSE DBList_cursor
DEALLOCATE DBList_cursor
This script will return a batch of statements that you can run.
SELECT d.name as db, f.name, physical_name, f.state_desc,
'ALTER DATABASE ['+d.name+'] MODIFY FILE (name='''+f.name+''' ,filename='''+replace(physical_name,'C:\database','D:\whatever')+'''); ' as DetachCommand,
'ALTER DATABASE ['+d.name+'] SET ONLINE' as ReattachCommand
from sys.master_files f
inner join sys.databases d on d.database_id=f.database_id
