According to the MySQL Documentation on max_allowed_packet
The maximum size of one packet or any generated/intermediate string.
The packet message buffer is initialized to net_buffer_length bytes,
but can grow up to max_allowed_packet bytes when needed. This value by
default is small, to catch large (possibly incorrect) packets.
You must increase this value if you are using large BLOB columns or
long strings. It should be as big as the largest BLOB you want to use.
The protocol limit for max_allowed_packet is 1GB. The value should be
a multiple of 1024; nonmultiples are rounded down to the nearest
multiple.
When you change the message buffer size by changing the value of the
max_allowed_packet variable, you should also change the buffer size on
the client side if your client program permits it. The default
max_allowed_packet value built in to the client library is 1GB, but
individual client programs might override this. For example, mysql and
mysqldump have defaults of 16MB and 24MB, respectively. They also
enable you to change the client-side value by setting
max_allowed_packet on the command line or in an option file.
Based on this, your only chance to set it for your connection would be when starting the client program:
mysql -Dmydb --max-allowed-packet=1073741824
After all
You cannot set it for the connection because it is a global option for how packets are used.
I just tried to run this in MySQL 5.6.15 for Windows
and MySQL in CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
and I got this message
mysql> set max_allowed_packet = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
ERROR 1621 (HY000): SESSION variable 'max_allowed_packet' is read-only. Use SET GLOBAL to assign the value
Please read my posts on the MySQL Packet and its global effects