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I have configured ssl = on in postgresql.conf (and installed a certificate etcetera). Does this ensure that all clients will always connect over SSL?
(I.e. does ssl = on it make it impossible to connect without SSL encryption?)
Are there other ways to ensure that all clients always connect over SSL/TLS?
ssl = on only enables the possibility of using SSL.
To ensure that all clients are using SSL, add hostssl lines in pg_hba.conf, e.g.,
hostssl all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5
and remove all host lines. (Well, maybe keep the ones for localhost.)
If the desire is to force the client to send a certificate, then md5 has to be changed to cert. e.g.,
hostssl all all 0.0.0.0/0 cert
No, that simply enables the use of SSL. You need to also make the appropriate changes to your pg_hga.conf file.
Just FYI, Try to avoid making connections without passwords. One of the strongest choices would be ssl (verify-full mode) + password authentication (encrypted with scram-sha-256).
Your pg_hba.conf could be like:
hostssl all all 0.0.0.0/0 scram-sha-256 clientcert=verify-full
