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I'm using SQL Server 2008 R2

We have a single stored procedure that causes 100% CPU usage when ran. The said SP is ran once a month and performs heavy calculation for approximately 5 minutes.

Since the SP is ran once a month, we don't particularly care if it takes say 30 minutes or even longer to complete the process, but taking up all of the available CPU resource is problematic. We'd like to limit the CPU usage for this particular stored procedure.

Is there such an option in SQL Server?

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    Sounds like your maxdop setting isn't properly set... However, to directly respond to your question; yes it's available in enterprise edition and it's called resource governor. Although I still think the answer is also a correct maxdop setting.
    – Sean Gallardy - Mostly Retired
    Feb 6, 2015 at 5:09
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    And to clarify, there is MAXDOP for the server, but you can also add a query hint for the particular statement to limit the MAXDOP just for it for example to 1.
    – James Z
    Feb 6, 2015 at 9:10
  • If you're on Enterprise Edition, the Resource Governor might help you setting CPU limits enforced in case of contention. High CPU usage indicates that you're doign calculations that would probably be a better fit for a client application. Is this the case?
    – spaghettidba
    Feb 6, 2015 at 9:39

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If a stored procedure is maxing out your CPU, you really need to tune that query to fix the root cause rather than working around it. Analyse the query plan using native SSMS or SQL Sentry Plan Explorer.

Some things to look out for to improve the query plan from http://www.brentozar.com/ are

To answer your question however, yes, you can limit CPU using Resource Governor.

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