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Questions tagged [database-agnostic]

Only use this tag when the question does not depend on a particular database management system.

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What does relational capabilities mean in Codd's Foundation rule?

From Codd's 12 rules (emphasis mine): For any system that is advertised as, or claimed to be, a relational data base management system, that system must be able to manage data bases entirely through ...
Mehdi Charife's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
50 views

Does clustered index fragmentation happen in relational DBMS?

Is it possible that after a certain pattern of random inserts and deletes leaf data nodes become fragmented with clustered index? I.e, that the physical order does not reflect the logical order (by ...
Borisav Živanović's user avatar
0 votes
2 answers
61 views

Join and use most recent data if NULL

Table WSHOSHO SELECT * FROM WSHOSHO; Table RRP SELECT * FROM RRP; Join to illustrate issue The results of this join can be used to illustrate the issue: SELECT * FROM WSHOSHO RIGHT JOIN RRP ON (...
dharmatech's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
74 views

What is the use of the order by ASC keyword in an SQL query?

As most, if not all, implementation of SQL use the ASC keyword by default in an ORDER BY clause when it is omitted. Are there valid use case for the ASC keyword? I am NOT asking for psychological ...
Stefmachine's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
346 views

How do databases guarantee that two transactions with different isolation levels run concurrently correctly

I wonder how databases guarantee that two transactions with different isolation levels run concurrently correctly. That is, different sessions are allowed to use different isolation levels. For ...
user18676624's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
803 views

Read-only transaction anomaly

I've learned about this anomaly from these papers: https://www.cs.umb.edu/~poneil/ROAnom.pdf (original) https://johann.schleier-smith.com/blog/2016/01/06/analyzing-a-read-only-transaction-anomaly-...
Max's user avatar
  • 41
0 votes
1 answer
28 views

Join implementation question

I have a question regarding how joins are implemented. I understand that the specifics will depend on the exact DBMS and the indexes in the system, but I think that the question is general enough to ...
Joan Marcual's user avatar
-3 votes
1 answer
137 views

Why do we have to use IS NULL instead of = NULL? [duplicate]

I don't know if this is the case for all database implementations but it is for SQL Server and MySQL which are the two I've worked with. I've read articles about the topic and the manuals of SQL ...
Legion's user avatar
  • 103
0 votes
1 answer
86 views

Index on Multiple Dimensions [duplicate]

I've recently started reading the book Designing Data-Intensive Applications. This book has revealed that I have been using indexes incorrectly, in that I didn't realize that even if I have an index ...
Steven L.'s user avatar
  • 165
-1 votes
1 answer
246 views

JSON vs Record/Struct type in a DB

It seems like some databases have implement a Record/Struct type and others have implemented a Json/Jsonb type to handle nested data structures. A few examples being: BigQuery Struct CockroachDB ...
David542's user avatar
  • 131
0 votes
1 answer
32 views

Database system checksumming to prevent network corruption not caught by TCP checksumming

Since TCP checksumming is not sufficient to detect/prevent all corruption, do modern database systems (e.g. SQL Server, MariaDB / MySQL, Oracle, etc.) use any additional checksumming of network ...
g491's user avatar
  • 121
0 votes
2 answers
450 views

What happens if you lose the connection during a huge insert?

What happens when you lose your connection with the DB during a huge insert. Will part of the data be inserted? Will nothing be inserted? What is the reason for this? The example statement I am ...
Andrii Shulhin's user avatar
2 votes
2 answers
296 views

Use expression in window function that references columns from the current row

Suppose I have the following query that uses window function: SELECT id , var , num , SUM(var * num) OVER (ORDER BY id ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS calc FROM (VALUES ...
Salman A's user avatar
  • 441
0 votes
2 answers
63 views

Group by arbitary monthly time period

I want to group the following data by an user defined period: +------------+--------+ | DATE | Amount | +------------+--------+ | 2019-03-12 | 300 | | 2019-03-15 | 1500 | | 2019-03-25 | ...
Marius K.'s user avatar
  • 103
0 votes
1 answer
968 views

How to create relationship metadata between tables without a foreign key check?

I use database metadata (primary keys, foreign keys, table names, etc), to generate code and some very complex queries. This metadata resides in theINFORMATION_SCHEMA. I am having problems with ...
LouizFC's user avatar
  • 11
0 votes
1 answer
43 views

Predefined rows conflicting with user entered rows

Is there a pattern to deal with a set of predefined rows in one or more tables that can also have user-defined rows inserted in them? I could want to distribute an application with a table called ...
Karl S.'s user avatar
  • 117
-2 votes
1 answer
44 views

How to group a few row values together to put into a new table? [closed]

I have a table: +-----------+-------+ | risk | count | +-----------+-------+ | high | 5 | | low | 30 | | medium | 81 | | very high | 2 | | very low | 72 | +------...
Sandra's user avatar
  • 1
1 vote
1 answer
309 views

How to search for compound words, and get the word parts returned

I need to be able to search for compound words like "menneskerettighedsforkæmperens" (the human rights activist's) and find the words "menneske" (human), "rettighed" (right) and "forkæmper" (activist)....
lares.dk's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
73 views

Vertically align sql tool [closed]

Is there a tool out there that will take sql and align it vertically? what I have: SELECT first_name AS foo ,last_name AS bar ,ssn AS bas ,address AS chu FROM dbo.contacts; ...
Daniel L. VanDenBosch's user avatar
3 votes
3 answers
664 views

Why intended integrity constraint cannot be enforced?

What does the following integrity constraint try to enforce? (integrity constraint is primary key and check in this case but I couldn't understand what I should really write). Explain why the ...
l0veisreal's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
207 views

MySQL : Are hash indices useless?

In MySQL, hash indices are only supported by the MEMORY storage engine. By using this engine, data is stored in RAM, not on the hard disk, so it will be lost when MySQL is restarted. Also, ...
voxter's user avatar
  • 101
3 votes
3 answers
155 views

Design for CE Events / Training Database

I'm working on a design for a continuing education training database. Users will register for a CE course/event that could be one day or multiple days. Courses are taught multiple times per year. ...
pStan's user avatar
  • 131
1 vote
2 answers
2k views

Is it bad form to use "LIMIT 1" on queries that should only return one row anyway? [closed]

If you have a query like this: SELECT * FROM table WHERE primary_key_column = 123 LIMIT 1; What do you make of the LIMIT 1? It is technically not necessary, as we are selecting on a unique column. ...
Tony H's user avatar
  • 153
2 votes
2 answers
3k views

Reason for NOT IN behaviour [duplicate]

sql> SELECT * FROM runners; +----+--------------+ | id | name | +----+--------------+ | 1 | John Doe | | 2 | Jane Doe | | 3 | Alice Jones | | 4 | Bobby Louis | | 5 | Lisa ...
user113659's user avatar
7 votes
4 answers
382 views

Is there any security risk in having many foreign keys referencing a single table?

I have a teacher who told me that having a database with a table that's referenced by around 60% of the other tables was a security no-no. The problem is that he failed to explain why it was a ...
Cordelia_Chase's user avatar
0 votes
3 answers
3k views

Difference between SCHEMA and STRUCTURE? [closed]

What is the difference between database schema and database structure? Is Schema = Structure + Data? or Is Schema just a set of metadata used by the database? I'm talking in general terms, not ...
Mithun Sreedharan's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
103 views

Can DBA revoke access privilege from the owner of a table? [closed]

If I create a table T, I become the owner of the table. Can DBA access T? Can DBA also revoke my access or grant privileges on T?
Sonu Mishra's user avatar
18 votes
2 answers
3k views

Does any DBMS have a collation that is both case-sensitive and accent-insensitive?

Note this question is vendor/version agnostic It seems to me, as a speaker (typist, writer) of English, reasonable to expect words to be properly cased but not necessarily have the correct accents ...
onedaywhen's user avatar
  • 2,602
12 votes
5 answers
3k views

Convert a date range to an interval description

A requirement in a recent project was to report when a resource would be fully consumed. As well as the exhaustion calendar date I was asked to show the remaining time in English-like format, ...
Michael Green's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
864 views

Execution time with warm up cache

I have a query that takes around 1 second on first execution and 15-50 ms after running the same query again. The only difference between EXPLAIN outputs is that the second execution contains a lot of ...
r_31415's user avatar
  • 155
55 votes
7 answers
21k views

If a person's name is Null then how would it break the database?

I was reading this article on BBC. It tells a story of a person named Jenifer Null and how she faces day to day problems while using online databases like booking plane tickets, net banking etc. I am ...
Souradeep Nanda's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
123 views

Unstructured to Structured Data

This is highly a research based question about converting the unstructured textual data to structured data. Are there any systems or tools perform automated process of converting the unstructured data ...
Dodi's user avatar
  • 45
4 votes
4 answers
985 views

Is there any scenario where the existence of one or more Indexes in a table can prejudice it?

The title sums it up. I've learned and always heard that indexes in tables improve CRUD operations. A developer that I met last weekend told me that he does not like Indexes because they are bad - ...
Human_AfterAll's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
194 views

Database agnostic auditing [duplicate]

Background Various databases have custom implementations for auditing: SQL Server Audit Oracle Audit PostgreSQL Audit Trigger MySQL Enterprise Audit Problem A number of problems exist: There is ...
Dave Jarvis's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
67 views

Understanding the flaw in the query

Suppose we have a relation Employee={empId,name,department, salary} and we are interested in finding the employees who get more salary than anyone in department 5. Would the following query work? ...
user1369975's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
594 views

Apply Definition of MVD (multivalued dependency) to Example?

Supposedly this multivalued dependency (MVD) and this functional dependency (FD): {W} ↠ {N,D} and {W} → {N} hold in this table: V W N D ================= | v | w | n | 1 | ----------------...
philipxy's user avatar
  • 732
0 votes
1 answer
1k views

how to build statistical database?

According to the book I am reading, a statistical database is a database that permits queries that derive aggregated information but not queries that derive individual information. At current time, is ...
Ju Ju's user avatar
  • 127
2 votes
2 answers
1k views

Using SQL ORDER BY for complex criteria

Let's say my relation is like so and I wanted to sort by rank, but A's and B's first. So my relation will look like At first I tried to just have two relations, where I order both of them by rank, ...
fossdeep's user avatar
-2 votes
1 answer
138 views

Create a view for different attributes from different tables

I have three tables: product(pid,name,category,maker-cid) purchase(buyer-ssn,seller-ssn,quantity,pid) person(ssn,name,phone number,city) How can I create a view to expose only the Buyer name, Seller ...
Nawin's user avatar
  • 21
-2 votes
2 answers
167 views

Convert rows to columns in SQL [duplicate]

I'm looking for a query to achieve the following: Current table format user_id meta_key meta_value ------- -------- ---------- 1 address1 abc street 1 city ...
Jose Salazar's user avatar
2 votes
4 answers
1k views

What are good ways to store decorated objects in a relational database without adding a field for every possible property?

Suppose I have an object, I use a decorator to add properties to this object, and then I want to store the object and its properties in a relational database, and be able to run queries on these ...
austinian's user avatar
  • 139
2 votes
2 answers
1k views

Do Nested Transactions commit? [closed]

I am not happy with the Wikipedia article about nested transactions. I would not use the word "commit" for a nested transaction. For me "commit" means "durability". A nested transaction does not ...
guettli's user avatar
  • 1,371
2 votes
1 answer
235 views

What is a "cursor"?

I am new to database concepts and I found some sources that try to explain what is a cursor, but I can't understand what they mean. Can someone explain in a very basic manner what a cursor is and what ...
Enthusiast's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
399 views

Can a slow SELECT statement in READ COMMITTED isolation level read content from concurrent committed UPDATE?

Let's say we have a big table with hundreds of million of rows (or more). On one connection, we perform a query requiring full table scan under READ COMMITTED isolation level: SELECT * FROM bigtable;...
nhahtdh's user avatar
  • 147
0 votes
1 answer
257 views

EAV table question

What's the best design for taxonomies in EAV tables? taxonomy id autoincrement name unique terms id autoincrement tax_id references taxonomy(id) name text unique value text ...
user61637's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
2k views

database DDLs and implicit commit

I've been taught that in RDBMS any DDL always causes an implicit commit, ending any active transaction at the time the DDL is issued. Now I found this page on the PostgreSQL wiki that states that ...
watery's user avatar
  • 386
0 votes
1 answer
52 views

Which keyword I should use?

I have two tables: I1 (A, B, C) I2 (A, C) I2 has some tuple of data that I1 doesn't have. Now I want to create a table I3 that only has the data (A, C) that both exists in I1 and I2. Which keyword ...
Amanda_Q's user avatar
2 votes
2 answers
990 views

Associating on the ID of an association table

Sorry about the title, I couldn't find anything better. Suggestions are welcome. Say we have two tables, Suppliers and Products. The same product can come from many different suppliers, so we create ...
s.m.'s user avatar
  • 319
0 votes
1 answer
52 views

Max function and group by getting differenet count [closed]

Statement 1 : Select Load_Date , Count(*) Last_Count From <Table_Name> group by Load_Date; Statement 2 : Select max(Load_Date) , Count(*) Last_Count From <TABLE_NAME>; Statement 1 ...
Subhash Chougule's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
5k views

Relational Model Design - Entity with one attribute

I am trying to design a database relational model for an assignment. First, I design the ER diagram, and then the relational model with tables (schemas). Here's my question: Is it possible for an ...
IrishDog's user avatar
  • 157