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This works as you want on Enterprise Edition:

use tempdb
go

CREATE TABLE dbo.T (id int PRIMARY KEY, b bit NOT NULL, txt varchar(20));
GO
CREATE OR ALTER VIEW dbo.V
WITH SCHEMABINDING AS
  SELECT T.Id, T.txt
  FROM dbo.T AS T
  WHERE T.b = 1;
 

GO
CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX idx_V ON dbo.V (Id);
GO

UPDATE V
SET txt = 'Foo';

The update has this plan

running

Microsoft SQL Server 2019 (RTM-CU8) (KB4577194) - 15.0.4073.23 (X64) 
    Sep 23 2020 16:03:08 
    Copyright (C) 2019 Microsoft Corporation
    Developer Edition (64-bit) on Windows 10 Pro 10.0 <X64> (Build 19042: ) (Hypervisor)

You can add a feedback item here to request that NOEXPAND be supported on UPDATE queries.