Reference: [ALTER INDEX (Transact-SQL)][1]

Yes you can data compression to this table without dropping the primary key. With keeping all the options you mentioned, following script will compress the table. This script will NOT compress any non-clustered index. 

    ALTER INDEX [PK__t1__3BD0198E286DEFE4] on TABLE [t1] 
    REBUILD WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, FILLFACTOR = 100, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, 
    STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, DATA_COMPRESSION=PAGE, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, 
    ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON, DATA_COMPRESSION= PAGE, ONLINE=ON )

I added option `ONLINE=ON` but you can also perform offline. Read `Online Index Operations


  [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/alter-index-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15