i have a question regarding the resulting table/relation from a union operation in relational algebra... Does the resulting relation not have a primery key?, or does it eturn a table with a hidden primary key? Example: Suppose we take the union of the following two tables: R1: id | name ---------- 1 a 2 b 3 c R2: id | name ---------- 1 b 2 c 3 d Where the attribute "id" is primary key in both relation R1 and R2, now the union of those two will be: id | name ------------ 1 a 1 b 2 b 2 c 3 c 3 d Now none of the attributes in the resulting relation can be primary key since both id and name contain duplicates... How is this resolved by the DBMS? thanks.