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What I've noticed lately is that whenever I install MariaDB or MySQL on a clean machine, and if I run mysql_upgrade it does the upgrading, so I figured since it's not showing it's already upgraded, I should do it. So, it's been my practice ever since. Does anyone know anything more about this? Why this isn't done during installation process? Does this mean newer mariadb/MySQL server comes with table from older version?

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    a clean MySQL/MariaDB install should not need mysql_upgrade to be run during initial setup unless you restored a backup from an old version and that backup includes mysql system tables. Commented Nov 19, 2018 at 1:13
  • Understandable, but the question is why does it do any work then? Why doesn't it say "already upgraded" like it does when you run it after upgrade for the second time? I asked an MySQL expert and he answered me so I'll post an answer
    – Luka
    Commented Nov 19, 2018 at 20:03
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    mysql_upgrade also saves the MySQL version number in a file named mysql_upgrade_info in the data directory. This is used to quickly check whether all tables have been checked for this release so that table-checking can be skipped. this file is not present during initial installation hence when you run mysql_upgrade it will not tell you that there is no need for it on a fresh install Commented Nov 19, 2018 at 22:56

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According to Bogdan Kecman who worked at Oracle:

mysql_upgrade checks whether the tables are at the latest version, if not - upgrades them and then marks them as upgraded. On a fresh install, even though tables are on the latest version, they are not marked. So, mysql_upgrade marks them. It does nothing else. To avoid scanning them again when mysql_upgrade runs.

Sorry for lousy translation.

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